🇬🇧 Estilo Indirecto
Nivel ESO, Bachillerato y EBAU
Reported Speech: Tabla completa de cambios de tiempos verbales
Respuesta Rápida (Answer-First)
En Reported Speech (estilo indirecto), cuando el verbo introductorio está en pasado (said, told), todos los tiempos verbales **dan un salto hacia el pasado (backshift)**: Present Simple pasa a Past Simple, Present Continuous a Past Continuous, Past Simple y Present Perfect a Past Perfect, y Will a Would.
📖 La Regla Gramatical Explicada Paso a Paso
El **Reported Speech** se utiliza para contar lo que otra persona dijo sin repetir sus palabras exactas. La regla de oro es el retroceso temporal obligatorio (*backshift*):
• **Present Simple → Past Simple:** "I work" → He said he worked.
• **Present Continuous → Past Continuous:** "I am studying" → She said she was studying.
• **Past Simple → Past Perfect:** "I saw the movie" → He said he had seen the movie.
• **Present Perfect → Past Perfect:** "I have finished" → She said she had finished.
• **Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous:** "I was reading" → He said he had been reading.
• **Will → Would:** "I will help" → She said she would help.
• **Can → Could / May → Might / Must → Had to:** "You must go" → He said I had to go.
Cambios de expresiones de tiempo y lugar imprescindibles:
• now → then / at that moment
• today → that day
• yesterday → the day before / the previous day
• tomorrow → the next day / the following day
• here → there / this → that / these → those
El Truco Mnemotécnico para el Examen
Piensa en el Reported Speech como una cámara del tiempo que da un paso atrás. Si el original está en presente, pásalo al pasado simple. Si ya estaba en pasado o en present perfect, mételo en el pasado más remoto de todos: el Past Perfect (had + participio). Y recuerda: 'said to me' se convierte en 'told me' (sin preposición).
⚖️ Comparativa Rápida: Lo que debes escribir vs. El error típico
| Forma Correcta ✓ | Error Frecuente ✗ | Por qué falla |
|---|---|---|
| ✓ He said he worked in London. | ✗ He said that he works in London (si el introductorio es pasado) | Present Simple cambia obligatoriamente a Past Simple. |
| ✓ She told me she had lost her keys. | ✗ She said me she lost her keys | Con pronombre de persona se usa 'told me' (no 'said me'), y Past Simple pasa a Past Perfect. |
| ✓ They said they would arrive the next day. | ✗ They said they will arrive tomorrow | 'Will' se transforma en 'would' y 'tomorrow' en 'the next day'. |
¿Cómo penalizan este fallo los correctores?
En Selectividad / EBAU y 4º ESO, olvidar retroceder un tiempo verbal o dejar 'tomorrow' en vez de 'the following day' resta entre 0,25 y 0,5 puntos por oración transformada.
Comprueba si lo has entendido
🎯 Reto Exprés de 30 Segundos
¿Cuál es la transformación correcta al Reported Speech de: '"I bought a new car yesterday", Peter said'?